Le musée du Louvre

Le musée du Louvre est un des plus grands musée du monde avec plus de 60.000 m2 d'expositions. Sa collection représente plus de 400.000 oeuvres dont une très grande partie est conservée dans les salles fortes du musée faute de place.  La Joconde est le fleuron de cette collection impressionnante de peintures : le tableau de Léonard de Vinci est admiré chaque année par plus de 6 millions de visiteurs.

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La Tour Eiffel

La tour Eiffel est une tour en fer située sur le Champ de Mars, à Paris. Elle doit son nom à l'ingénieur Gustave Eiffel, qui en est le concepteur. Elle a été inaugurée le 31 mars 1889, lors de l'Exposition universelle qui se déroulait à Paris cette année-là.



Sa hauteur est de 324 m, en comptant les antennes disposées à son sommet. Au départ, la tour Eiffel devait être détruite après l'Exposition. Son nombre de visiteurs diminua beaucoup après 1889, et la baisse du prix du ticket n'y changea rien. Gustave Eiffel, sachant très bien que sa tour était en danger, prit l'initiative de l'utiliser pour mener des expériences scientifiques, notamment en matière de météorologie. Puis, l'ingénieur a permis d'installer une antenne pour la télégraphie sans fil au sommet de la tour. En prouvant l'intérêt scientifique de la tour Eiffel, il décourage les autorités d'ordonner sa destruction.

La tour Eiffel est redevenue un lieu touristique important avec l'apparition du tourisme de masse, dans les années 1960. La tour Eiffel pèse seulement 10 100 t, ce qui est incroyablement léger : si l'on imagine un cylindre vertical capable d'entourer la tour, alors l'air contenu dans le cylindre est plus lourd que la tour ! Dit d'une autre manière, à 0 ℃ et à pression normale, un cylindre vide capable d'entourer la tour Eiffel serait capable de la soulever (voir poussée d'Archimède).

 La charpente métallique de la tour Eiffel comporte 18 038 pièces métalliques préfabriquées, assemblées au moyen de 2 500 000 rivets. Le principal travail pour monter la tour était de poser les rivets. Pour évaluer l'avancement des travaux, Gustave Eiffel notait chaque jour le total des rivets posés dans la journée.

La tour Eiffel est considérée comme le symbole de Paris et de la France. Elle est le monument payant le plus visité au monde, avec près de 7 millions de visiteurs chaque année.

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La Butte Montmartre

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Paris by night

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